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Photography basics for Digital Cameras

When selecting a digital camera, it is important to consider the various features that are available. Digital cameras come in many different shapes and sizes, and the right camera for you will depend on your specific needs. Understanding the basics of photography can help you make an educated decision when choosing a camera.

Sensor size

The size of the sensor in a digital camera is an important factor to consider when choosing a camera. Sensor size is related to image quality, as larger sensors can capture more detail than smaller sensors. Sensor size also affects the field of view, with larger sensors producing narrower fields of view than smaller sensors. Larger sensors are capable of absorbing more light, resulting in better colour accuracy and higher-quality images. Additionally, larger sensors can produce beautiful bokeh effects (blurred background) that help draw attention to your subject matter.

Bokeh effects

Bokeh is a photographic effect that has become increasingly popular in recent years. It’s an effect that adds a dreamy, abstract quality to photographs. The term “bokeh” comes from the Japanese word for “blur” or “haze” and refers to out-of-focus areas of a photograph. By using bokeh effects, photographers can create beautiful, artistic images with interesting shapes and colours.

The most common way to create bokeh effects is by using a shallow depth of field. This means setting the camera’s aperture to its widest setting (lowest f-number) and focusing on one specific area of the image while letting the rest of the scene go out of focus. This technique also works best when using longer focal lengths, which will further blur out the background. In addition to this, certain lenses are better suited for creating bokeh than others. For example, lenses with more aperture blades will create rounder and smoother shapes in the bokeh effect.

What are the best cameras for Bokeh effects?

Canon EF 50mm 

Sigma 85mm

Canon EOS RF 85mm 

Fujifilm XF 56mm 

Nikon AF-S DX 

Sigma 105mm

Nikon Z 50mm

Megapixels

Megapixels are a measurement of the number of pixels  that make up an image. The more megapixels a camera has, the more detail it is capable of capturing in an image. Most entry-level digital cameras have between 12 and 16 megapixels, while high-end models may feature up to 50 megapixels or more.

Which cameras have high MegaPixels?

FujiFilm GFX 100

Sony A7R IV

Sigma FP L

Canon EOS Rebel T7

In-body Stabilization

In-body image stabilization is an important feature to consider when buying a digital camera. This technology helps reduce blur from camera shake and allows you to take sharper photos, even in low light conditions. Several DSLR (Digital Single-Lens Reflex) cameras come with built-in image stabilization while others require an additional lens or adapter to achieve this effect.

What are the best DSLR cameras with built-in image stabilization?

Sony A99 II

Pentax K1

Pentax K1 - II

Canon - EOS 5D Mark IV5. 

Nikon - D7500 DSLR 4K Video Two Lens Kit 

Autofocus

Autofocus is another important feature of digital cameras. Autofocus allows you to quickly focus on a particular subject without having to manually adjust the lens. Most DSLRs and mirrorless cameras have advanced autofocus systems that make taking pictures easier than ever before. 

Exposure

When taking pictures with a digital camera, it is also important to understand the basics of exposure. Exposure is essentially how much light enters the camera and affects the brightness, contrast, and colour of your photos. Most cameras have settings such as ISO, shutter speed, and aperture that can be adjusted to capture different types of exposures.

Optical viewfinder

The optical viewfinder is a key feature to consider when choosing a digital camera. In a digital camera, the optical viewfinder provides the photographer with an immediate, direct view of the scene they are going to capture. This is different from looking at what’s on the LCD screen since it allows you to keep your eye focused on the scene and be able to see if there are any distractions or obstructions that may affect the photo.

Other camera features to look for in professional cameras

Electronic viewfinder, battery life, internal timer, lens tube barrel, full frame CMOS Sensor, active pixel sensors, digital sensor, video recording, flash memory cards, beauty mode, firmware, built-in flash and auto mode (automatic mode).

Micro four thirds and four thirds systems

Micro four thirds systems are similar to standard four thirds systems but feature smaller sensors. They are popular among photographers who want a more compact camera system while still maintaining image quality.

What are Four Thirds Systems Cameras?

Four Thirds systems are a digital camera system created by Olympus and Panasonic. This family of cameras is based on the Four Thirds standard, which was developed to provide a smaller alternative to the traditional DSLR. Four Thirds cameras use APS-C sensors, which are significantly smaller than the full-frame sensors used in most DSLRs. This makes Four Thirds cameras more compact, allowing them to be used in more places and situations than larger DSLRs.

Four Thirds cameras also have their own set of lenses and accessories. They use a "four thirds" lens mount, which is much smaller than the standard DSLR lens mount. This makes Four Thirds lenses more compact and lightweight, allowing them to be used in places where traditional DSLR lenses might not fit. However, this also means that Four Thirds lenses will not work on DSLRs or other camera systems.

With Four Thirds Camera, you also benefit from a unique type of memory cards

Finally, Four Thirds cameras use a different type of memory card than most other digital camera systems. Instead of using SD cards or Compact Flash cards, they use a Micro 4/3 (MFT) memory card. These cards are much smaller than SD or CF cards and offer higher capacities for storing images and videos.

Mirrorless cameras

Mirrorless cameras are becoming increasingly popular as a compact camera. Unlike traditional digital SLR cameras, a mirrorless camera does not contain a reflex mirror that flips up to allow light to pass through the lens and onto the imaging sensor. Instead, they rely on an electronic viewfinder to compose shots and view images. This makes them lighter and more compact than their SLR counterparts.

Full-frame mirrorless cameras

Full-frame mirrorless cameras offer the same advantages as full-frame SLR cameras but with additional portability and convenience thanks to their lack of a reflex mirror.

Single Lens Reflex (SLR) systems

SLR cameras are the most popular type of digital camera, and they feature interchangeable lenses for greater versatility. SLRs offer faster autofocusing than mirrorless cameras and allow for manual exposure control.

Bridge cameras

Bridge cameras come equipped with image stabilization systems allowing for longer exposure times. Additionally, some bridge cameras can be fitted with converters and filters such as UV or Circular Polarizing within the lens thread.

Digital camera accessories

Lenses

It is also important to look at the interchangeable lenses offered when shopping for a digital camera. Many Canon EOS models come with a wide variety of lenses that range from ultra-wide angle to telephoto. This allows you to capture any type of shot and produce stunning images. 

1. Full-frame camera lenses

Full-frame camera lenses feature larger image sensors than those found in other types of digital cameras. This allows them to capture more light, resulting in higher quality images with better low-light performance and less noise. Full-frame lenses also provide a wider field of view for capturing beautiful landscapes or expansive architecture shots.

2. Wide range camera lenses

Wide range camera lenses are specially designed to provide a wider field of view than a standard lens. These lenses are ideal for capturing landscapes, architecture, and other scenes that require a lot of detail or depth. Wide range lenses allow you to capture more of the scene in one shot without having to take multiple shots.

3. Zoom lenses

Zoom lenses are a type of camera lens that allows you to adjust the focal length, allowing you to zoom in or out on a subject. This is an incredibly useful tool for photographers, as it allows them to capture the perfect shot from any distance and increase the utility of point-and-shoot cameras. Zoom lenses come in different sizes and varieties and can be used to capture wide-angle shots, portraits, landscapes, and more. They also allow you to switch between different focal lengths quickly and easily, making them ideal for capturing fast-moving subjects.

Best digital cameras for outdoor photography

Whether you're a professional photographer or an amateur looking to capture stunning images of the great outdoors, there are a number of digital cameras available that can help you get the job done. Today's digital camera technology has made it easier than ever to take beautiful photos in any setting, from scenic landscapes to wildlife photography.

When looking for action cameras for outdoor photography it's important to find action cameras that offer impressive resolution and dynamic range, allowing you to capture stunning detail in any lighting condition. Autofocus systems are also important and make a camera well suited for capturing fast-moving subjects like wildlife or sports. Look for additional features like built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity, so you can easily transfer your photos without having to take out the memory card and a weather sealed body to make photography possible in all weather conditions. 

Canon EOS 6D Mark II

Nikon D850

Sony a7 III

Fujifilm X-T3

Best digital cameras for kids

The best digital cameras for kids should have easy-to-use features and controls. Look for models with large LCD displays, so your child can easily view the images they’ve taken. It’s also important to consider the camera’s durability as it will likely be dropped , bumped, and banged around. Many of these cameras offer a variety of creative features that can help your child create fun and unique images. From built-in effects to special editing tools, these cameras can help your child explore their creative side in a safe and secure way. Waterproof cameras are also a great idea for children. 

Make sure you pick a camera with an easy-to-use memory card system so your child can store and share their photos with family and friends.